diff --git a/2024-python/output/day_12.py b/2024-python/output/day_12.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712e3e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2024-python/output/day_12.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import re
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque
+from heapq import heappop, heappush
+from itertools import chain, combinations, compress, permutations
+
+from output import ADJ, DD, D, ccw, cw, ints, matrix, mdbg, mhd, vdbg
+
+
+def solve(data):
+    grid, H, W = matrix(data)
+    p1 = 0
+    seen = set()
+    for r, row in enumerate(grid):
+        for c, col in enumerate(row):
+            if (r, c) in seen:
+                continue
+            areas = 0
+            perimeters = 0
+            q = deque([(r, c)])
+            while q:
+                rc = q.popleft()
+                if rc in seen:
+                    continue
+                seen.add(rc)
+                areas += 1
+                y, x = rc
+                for dy, dx in D:
+                    if (0 <= y + dy < H and 0 <= x + dx <W) and grid[y + dy][x + dx] == col:
+                        q.append((y + dy, x + dx))
+                    else:
+                        perimeters += 1
+            p1 += areas*perimeters
+    p2 = None
+    return p1, p2
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import os
+
+    # use dummy data
+    inp = """
+    RRRRIICCFF
+    RRRRIICCCF
+    VVRRRCCFFF
+    VVRCCCJFFF
+    VVVVCJJCFE
+    VVIVCCJJEE
+    VVIIICJJEE
+    MIIIIIJJEE
+    MIIISIJEEE
+    MMMISSJEEE
+    """.strip()
+
+    """
+    A region of R plants with price 12 * 18 = 216.
+    A region of I plants with price 4 * 8 = 32.
+    A region of C plants with price 14 * 28 = 392.
+    A region of F plants with price 10 * 18 = 180.
+    A region of V plants with price 13 * 20 = 260.
+    A region of J plants with price 11 * 20 = 220.
+    A region of C plants with price 1 * 4 = 4.
+    A region of E plants with price 13 * 18 = 234.
+    A region of I plants with price 14 * 22 = 308.
+    A region of M plants with price 5 * 12 = 60.
+    A region of S plants with price 3 * 8 = 24.
+    """
+
+    # uncomment to instead use stdin
+    # import sys; inp = sys.stdin.read().strip()
+
+    # uncomment to use AoC provided puzzle input
+    with open("./input/12.txt", "r") as f:
+        inp = f.read().strip()
+
+    # uncomment to do initial data processing shared by part 1-2
+    p1, p2 = solve(inp)
+
+    print(p1)
+    os.system(f"echo {p1} | wl-copy")
+    # print(p2)
+    # os.system(f"echo {p2} | wl-copy")
+
+    # uncomment and replace 0 with actual output to refactor code
+    # and ensure nonbreaking changes
+    assert p1 == 1446042
+    # assert p2 == 0